I was going to post this to the “Russian language: no more bullshit” thread but it got pretty long so I thought it might work better as a separate post.
Anyway, I’ve gotten a lot of useful advice from this forum, so I thought I’d give back by describing what I did to learn Russian. I spent almost three years in eastern Ukraine teaching English several years ago and got to the point where I could comfortably carry on a conversation on most common topics with native speakers and read Russian classics like Dostoevsky and Nabokov in the original with minimal use of a dictionary.
In the broadest sense, the most important thing I did was commit to at least two hours of studying or practicing Russian every day, no exceptions no matter how much I didn’t feel like it on any given day. I’d often do as much as four hours or even more of studying and conversation practice. I mixed this up between the following:
1) Vocabulary
2) Reading aloud for pronunciation
3) Directly studying grammar
4) Reading for comprehension
5) Talking to native speakers (and listening to mistakes they make when speaking English)
Before getting into details on these, let me say that three months before arriving in Ukraine, I worked through all three levels of the Pimsleur Russian program. Pimsleur is an amazing way to get started in Russian and if you follow the program (the main thing is not to skip a day ever, for any reason) it works. I was able to communicate with Ukrainians in Russian on a very basic level on my first day in Ukraine.
So, high level, my advice would be:
1) Spend three months doing all three levels of Pimsleur Russian without skipping a day for any reason.
2) After you’ve finished Pimsleur and acquired basic conversational skills, study or practice Russian for two to four hours a day until you’re highly conversational. After about a year in Ukraine, I could carry on a conversation fairly easily with educated Ukrainians speaking grammatically correct Russian who wanted me to understand them (i.e. little to no slang). The time frame will obviously vary for different people.
Now let me briefly break down each of the five points I mentioned above:
1) Flashcards
Obviously, make cards for important words you struggle to remember. However, be sure to also pick up these two products:
Russian Vocabulary Cards: Academic Study Card Set (https://www.amazon.com/Russian-Vocabular...rds+vis-ed)
Roots of the Russian Language: An Elementary Guide to Wordbuilding (https://www.amazon.com/Roots-Russian-Lan...n+language)
Memorize everything in them. In particular, I consider “Roots of the Russian Language” to be my secret weapon in cracking Russian. I found vocabulary the hardest thing in learning the language. For example, the word for independence in Spanish is “independencia” but in Russian it’s “nezavisimost.” ROTRL teaches you the simple roots used to make up long, complex Russian words and you memorize groups of words based on one root. For example “vod” is the root that means water, so you learn “vodavorot” (waterfall) and “navodneniya” (flood) and “vodapad” (water fall) all together. After a while the way Russian words are formed just starts to make sense and you can often guess at the meaning of long words you haven’t seen before. This book is essential. I can’t recommend it enough.
2) Reading aloud for pronunciation
This helps with any language, but it’s tough in Russian because Russian words have accents and if you accent the wrong syllable native speakers will often be unable to understand you AND the accents are never written, except in textbooks for foreigners. To whit, this book is great because it contains Russian stories with the original Russian with accents on the words, as well as an English translation on the facing page:
Russian Stories: A Dual-Language Book (English and Russian Edition) (https://www.amazon.com/Russian-Stories-D...an+stories)
After a while (a long while) you start to get a general feel for how the accents work and you don’t need to see them written out most of the time to pronounce the word correctly.
Note that Russian pronunciation is hard for native English speakers. In my first year in Ukraine I often knew how to say something correctly, I just couldn’t pronounce it so that Ukrainians could understand me. It can be very frustrating. It’s going to take time to get it down. I still can’t really pronounce the word for “furniture” correctly or hear the difference when people correct me.
3) Directly studying grammar
Grammar is hard in Russian. I had an advantage because I’d already studied German and Latin, languages that share some grammatical features with Russian that don’t exist in English or most Romance languages. You can try to figure the grammar out with a text book on your own, but if you don’t have experience with another Slavic language or an ancient Indo-European language like Latin, I’d recommend getting a professional tutor. The good news (for Americans at least) is that the exchange rate in both Russia and Ukraine heavily favors the US dollar right now, so you can get an on-line tutor for a few dollars an hour. I use this site for conversation practice, but you should be able to find a tutor who speaks good English and can help you figure out the grammar here too:
https://preply.com/
4) Reading for comprehension
I don’t have a lot of specific advice here. Maybe start with illustrated children’s stories or comics first. Reading Russian is hard when you’re a beginner. If there’s a Russian classic you’ve read in English you might try tackling it in Russian once you’ve made it up to the intermediate level. I read Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment” in translation as a teenager and it made quite an impression on me, so I was able to read it in Russian with about a year or so of studying the language, my memories of the plot and characters helping me to follow along (although it still took something like a year for me to finish it).
5) Talking to native speakers
Always the most important thing in learning a language. You can have the grammar rules down pat, but if you’re too shy to step out of your comfort zone and actually talk to Ukrainians and Russians in their language, you won’t become conversational. If you happen to be over in the former USSR a girlfriend who doesn’t speak English is pretty much the greatest way to learn. Think twice before marrying her though (topic for another post). If you’re not over there and you don’t know any native speakers, Preply is a great resource for cheap conversation practice. I’m currently living in Central America and I do conversation practice with native speakers in Ukraine and Russia once or twice a week to maintain my Russian, and it costs me a few dollars a day. Again, here’s the site:
https://preply.com/
Another thing, and this applies to any language, if you do know native speakers who speak English, listen to mistakes they make or quirky things they say that don’t sound just right. That will often give you clues as to how to say things more naturally in Russian. For example, I once assigned an essay on the topic of fast food to my students in Ukraine. I noticed that almost all of them wrote that fast food is not “useful.” Hence I learned that the common way to say that food is not healthy in Russian is to use the Russian word for “useful” (polyezny).
Basically, as with most things of value in life, it’s just going to take a lot of time and hard work and there’s no way around that. Hopefully what I’ve written will give some of you ideas on how to go about it. Remember, commit to at least two hours a day if you’re serious about learning this language. It’s a lot, but it will probably be one of your proudest accomplishments if you manage to learn it. I know it is for me.
Any questions, just ask. Thanks again for all the great advice I’ve gotten on this forum.
Anyway, I’ve gotten a lot of useful advice from this forum, so I thought I’d give back by describing what I did to learn Russian. I spent almost three years in eastern Ukraine teaching English several years ago and got to the point where I could comfortably carry on a conversation on most common topics with native speakers and read Russian classics like Dostoevsky and Nabokov in the original with minimal use of a dictionary.
In the broadest sense, the most important thing I did was commit to at least two hours of studying or practicing Russian every day, no exceptions no matter how much I didn’t feel like it on any given day. I’d often do as much as four hours or even more of studying and conversation practice. I mixed this up between the following:
1) Vocabulary
2) Reading aloud for pronunciation
3) Directly studying grammar
4) Reading for comprehension
5) Talking to native speakers (and listening to mistakes they make when speaking English)
Before getting into details on these, let me say that three months before arriving in Ukraine, I worked through all three levels of the Pimsleur Russian program. Pimsleur is an amazing way to get started in Russian and if you follow the program (the main thing is not to skip a day ever, for any reason) it works. I was able to communicate with Ukrainians in Russian on a very basic level on my first day in Ukraine.
So, high level, my advice would be:
1) Spend three months doing all three levels of Pimsleur Russian without skipping a day for any reason.
2) After you’ve finished Pimsleur and acquired basic conversational skills, study or practice Russian for two to four hours a day until you’re highly conversational. After about a year in Ukraine, I could carry on a conversation fairly easily with educated Ukrainians speaking grammatically correct Russian who wanted me to understand them (i.e. little to no slang). The time frame will obviously vary for different people.
Now let me briefly break down each of the five points I mentioned above:
1) Flashcards
Obviously, make cards for important words you struggle to remember. However, be sure to also pick up these two products:
Russian Vocabulary Cards: Academic Study Card Set (https://www.amazon.com/Russian-Vocabular...rds+vis-ed)
Roots of the Russian Language: An Elementary Guide to Wordbuilding (https://www.amazon.com/Roots-Russian-Lan...n+language)
Memorize everything in them. In particular, I consider “Roots of the Russian Language” to be my secret weapon in cracking Russian. I found vocabulary the hardest thing in learning the language. For example, the word for independence in Spanish is “independencia” but in Russian it’s “nezavisimost.” ROTRL teaches you the simple roots used to make up long, complex Russian words and you memorize groups of words based on one root. For example “vod” is the root that means water, so you learn “vodavorot” (waterfall) and “navodneniya” (flood) and “vodapad” (water fall) all together. After a while the way Russian words are formed just starts to make sense and you can often guess at the meaning of long words you haven’t seen before. This book is essential. I can’t recommend it enough.
2) Reading aloud for pronunciation
This helps with any language, but it’s tough in Russian because Russian words have accents and if you accent the wrong syllable native speakers will often be unable to understand you AND the accents are never written, except in textbooks for foreigners. To whit, this book is great because it contains Russian stories with the original Russian with accents on the words, as well as an English translation on the facing page:
Russian Stories: A Dual-Language Book (English and Russian Edition) (https://www.amazon.com/Russian-Stories-D...an+stories)
After a while (a long while) you start to get a general feel for how the accents work and you don’t need to see them written out most of the time to pronounce the word correctly.
Note that Russian pronunciation is hard for native English speakers. In my first year in Ukraine I often knew how to say something correctly, I just couldn’t pronounce it so that Ukrainians could understand me. It can be very frustrating. It’s going to take time to get it down. I still can’t really pronounce the word for “furniture” correctly or hear the difference when people correct me.
3) Directly studying grammar
Grammar is hard in Russian. I had an advantage because I’d already studied German and Latin, languages that share some grammatical features with Russian that don’t exist in English or most Romance languages. You can try to figure the grammar out with a text book on your own, but if you don’t have experience with another Slavic language or an ancient Indo-European language like Latin, I’d recommend getting a professional tutor. The good news (for Americans at least) is that the exchange rate in both Russia and Ukraine heavily favors the US dollar right now, so you can get an on-line tutor for a few dollars an hour. I use this site for conversation practice, but you should be able to find a tutor who speaks good English and can help you figure out the grammar here too:
https://preply.com/
4) Reading for comprehension
I don’t have a lot of specific advice here. Maybe start with illustrated children’s stories or comics first. Reading Russian is hard when you’re a beginner. If there’s a Russian classic you’ve read in English you might try tackling it in Russian once you’ve made it up to the intermediate level. I read Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment” in translation as a teenager and it made quite an impression on me, so I was able to read it in Russian with about a year or so of studying the language, my memories of the plot and characters helping me to follow along (although it still took something like a year for me to finish it).
5) Talking to native speakers
Always the most important thing in learning a language. You can have the grammar rules down pat, but if you’re too shy to step out of your comfort zone and actually talk to Ukrainians and Russians in their language, you won’t become conversational. If you happen to be over in the former USSR a girlfriend who doesn’t speak English is pretty much the greatest way to learn. Think twice before marrying her though (topic for another post). If you’re not over there and you don’t know any native speakers, Preply is a great resource for cheap conversation practice. I’m currently living in Central America and I do conversation practice with native speakers in Ukraine and Russia once or twice a week to maintain my Russian, and it costs me a few dollars a day. Again, here’s the site:
https://preply.com/
Another thing, and this applies to any language, if you do know native speakers who speak English, listen to mistakes they make or quirky things they say that don’t sound just right. That will often give you clues as to how to say things more naturally in Russian. For example, I once assigned an essay on the topic of fast food to my students in Ukraine. I noticed that almost all of them wrote that fast food is not “useful.” Hence I learned that the common way to say that food is not healthy in Russian is to use the Russian word for “useful” (polyezny).
Basically, as with most things of value in life, it’s just going to take a lot of time and hard work and there’s no way around that. Hopefully what I’ve written will give some of you ideas on how to go about it. Remember, commit to at least two hours a day if you’re serious about learning this language. It’s a lot, but it will probably be one of your proudest accomplishments if you manage to learn it. I know it is for me.
Any questions, just ask. Thanks again for all the great advice I’ve gotten on this forum.
Feminism in ten words: "Stop objectifying women! Can't you see I've hit the wall?" -Leonard D Neubache