Iraq is in absolute turmoil.
Its borders are increasingly fictitious with the rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS). This organisation is an al-Qaeda offshoot comprised of 10,000 fighters and last week it seized Mosul and Tikrit. This week it is threatening Baghdad.
Of course, a bit of background helps to place current events into context. Iraq as a nation state is a joke. It traces its legacy to the downfall of the Ottoman Empire post-WWI, after which The League of Nations ran a knife through the Middle East in 1920 with the Treaty of Sèvres.
Iraq was placed under the control of the United Kingdom, gaining its independence in 1932, and later transitioning from Kingdom to Republic. Its boundaries were not demarcated to reflect a singular sense of nationhood - rather it was a haphazardly constructed state that wedded together Shiites, Sunnis and Kurds, among other ethnic groups, in a marriage not of their choosing.
The United States, the UK et al invaded Iraq in 2003, overthrew and later executed the Baath Sunni Iraqi dictator President Sadaam Hussein. Taking out the authoritarian strongman who held Iraq together with an iron fist created a power vacuum that allowed ethnic tensions to boil over and militancy to spread. The Coalition practically withdrew all its troops by 2011, leaving Iraq to fend for itself.
Unsurprisingly, and true to the predictions of many academics and specialists in Middle East politics, Iraq is now a plaything between regional powers, radical Islamist terrorist groups, and disparate sectarian groups. 'National unity' is a pipe-dream. There is no glue to hold it all together.
ISIS is supported by the Baathist officers of Sadamn's old regime. The Shia Prime Minister Nouri Maliki holds little political legitimacy in the eyes of Sunni minorities.The Iraqi Kurds are breaking away to join the semi-autonomous region of Kurdistan, with the promise of vast oil wealth on the horizon.
Invading Iraq was the greatest strategic mistake in Western foreign policy since Vietnam. No WMDs were found, hundreds of thousands of Iraqis are dead as result (and over 4000+ Coalition troops), the neo-con's democratic experiment in the Middle East has been revealed as madness, and the threat posed by radical Islamists has never been greater. There are now scores of radicalised British citizens fighting in the rank and file of the ISIS which the UK Government rightly identifies as a hugely significant threat to national security.
The US and its allies will have to attempt to clean up this mess but how exactly remains to be seen. Suffice to say, there is no going back for Iraq. It will be bloody and chaotic for years to come (alongside its next door neighbour Syria), and we may eventually see it partitioned, a final deathblow to the arbitrary borders that have undermined its conception of a unified nationhood since its creaion.
Here's the BBC scoop: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27894395
Its borders are increasingly fictitious with the rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS). This organisation is an al-Qaeda offshoot comprised of 10,000 fighters and last week it seized Mosul and Tikrit. This week it is threatening Baghdad.
Of course, a bit of background helps to place current events into context. Iraq as a nation state is a joke. It traces its legacy to the downfall of the Ottoman Empire post-WWI, after which The League of Nations ran a knife through the Middle East in 1920 with the Treaty of Sèvres.
Iraq was placed under the control of the United Kingdom, gaining its independence in 1932, and later transitioning from Kingdom to Republic. Its boundaries were not demarcated to reflect a singular sense of nationhood - rather it was a haphazardly constructed state that wedded together Shiites, Sunnis and Kurds, among other ethnic groups, in a marriage not of their choosing.
The United States, the UK et al invaded Iraq in 2003, overthrew and later executed the Baath Sunni Iraqi dictator President Sadaam Hussein. Taking out the authoritarian strongman who held Iraq together with an iron fist created a power vacuum that allowed ethnic tensions to boil over and militancy to spread. The Coalition practically withdrew all its troops by 2011, leaving Iraq to fend for itself.
Unsurprisingly, and true to the predictions of many academics and specialists in Middle East politics, Iraq is now a plaything between regional powers, radical Islamist terrorist groups, and disparate sectarian groups. 'National unity' is a pipe-dream. There is no glue to hold it all together.
ISIS is supported by the Baathist officers of Sadamn's old regime. The Shia Prime Minister Nouri Maliki holds little political legitimacy in the eyes of Sunni minorities.The Iraqi Kurds are breaking away to join the semi-autonomous region of Kurdistan, with the promise of vast oil wealth on the horizon.
Invading Iraq was the greatest strategic mistake in Western foreign policy since Vietnam. No WMDs were found, hundreds of thousands of Iraqis are dead as result (and over 4000+ Coalition troops), the neo-con's democratic experiment in the Middle East has been revealed as madness, and the threat posed by radical Islamists has never been greater. There are now scores of radicalised British citizens fighting in the rank and file of the ISIS which the UK Government rightly identifies as a hugely significant threat to national security.
The US and its allies will have to attempt to clean up this mess but how exactly remains to be seen. Suffice to say, there is no going back for Iraq. It will be bloody and chaotic for years to come (alongside its next door neighbour Syria), and we may eventually see it partitioned, a final deathblow to the arbitrary borders that have undermined its conception of a unified nationhood since its creaion.
Here's the BBC scoop: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27894395