Quote: (04-25-2018 10:48 AM)Leonard D Neubache Wrote:
Odd to suggest that English is incomplete because it borrows heavily from French or Latin. Ask George bush. The French don't even have a word for espionage. Seriously though. How many languages are borderline forced to use English terms for nearly everything invented in the post-colonial era, albeit at times a slight variation.
English: Computer
Spanish: Computadora
German: Computer
Japanese: Konpyūtā
Hindi: kampyootar
Quote:Quote:
Latin definition for:
computatrum, computatri
noun
declension: 2nd declension
gender: neuter
Definitions:
calculator
Age: Coined recently, words for new things (19th-21st centuries)
Now, someone in an advanced nation could try to find an existing word that gave the right impression but that makes little sense because a new concept can't simply displace the old meaning in the process or you lose the old meaning. They could mash up words to the effect of "electric abacus" or some other nonsense but they'll just end up sounding like idiots. In the end they just use the English word or the butchered version of it.
In a primitive nation? They would end up with "small skyfire counting pouch" at best. I don't know Japanese but I'm guessing the Japanese were advanced enough when the washing machine was invented to already have terms amounting to "washing" and "machine" so they just used their own words to name the same device, but more primitive languages that have no effective word for 'machine' are once again stuck with using English words to describe a new device.
You only have to listen to a foreign language show set in modern times to constantly pick up on dozens of English words that seep into the dialogue. Corporate branding makes this phenomenon even more ubiquitous. Do non-english speakers call an iPhone an i(insert foreign word for phone) or do they just call it an iPhone?
The foreign words adopted by the English language pale in number by comparison to the opposite. I wouldn't be surprised if one of the fastest ways to grapple with a foreign language is simply to memorise a list of all the words that are drawn directly from english or exist as minor variations of the same word.
In Latvian — a much older language, the word for computer is: Dators. It comes from latin word datum (engish - data).
In Latvian we can also say Kompjūters, which is an anglicism, but since dators is much shorter most people use that.
So as you can see not all languages use English to draw their vocabulary from.
Also even if we would accept this anglicism it still is a word that is conjugated in various forms and tenses in that language. For instance in Latvian both Dators and Kompjūters is masculine. Also both these words can be cojugated in Nominative, Accusative, Dative, Genetive, Instrumental and Locative forms. All these forms can be in singular and in plural and an artificial feminine form can also be constructed for all these forms if we ever wanted to say "wife of a computer" in a single word. Lithuanian would go even further with ability to constuct words meaning "married wife of a computer" or "unmarried mate / sister of computer" Also we have multiple Deminative forms for both these words that allow us to say in a single word that this computer (or any other thing) is small, cute or a child version of itself and of course these Deminative forms can also be conjugated in the forms listed above.
So you see in english it is just one world but in other languages it can be multitude of words with different shades and meanings and therefore the language is much richer and more expressive. For every single noun in Latvian there exits:
Nominative +1
Accusative +1
Dative +1
Genetive+1
Instrumental +1
Locative +1
All these in plural x2
All these in feminine x2
All thse in multiple types of deminative x2 or x3 or x4
That makes at least 6x2x2x2=48 forms minimum and each form carries more infrmation then the english word. That is 24 times more then English where there is only singular and plural forms and the word only carries it's basic meaning and the meaning about it's singleness or pluralness.
Russian is the same, has about the same number of noun forms than Latvian. German is simpler, there are only Nominative, Dative and Genetive. There are 3 sexes trough but there is no method how to change sex for many words, while in Latvian, Lithuanian and Russian you can create forms of opposite sex for all words and often even multiple different forms of opposite sex.
As for phones. Latvians can either use and anglicism or use a native form. The Anglicism is Telefons and the Latvian form is Tālrunis, which is not derrived from any foreign language at all and is made from Latvian words for "far" and "speaker". So this illustrates how even modern words can be made up by any language anew and there is no need to borrow anything from English or other language.