[Captainstabbin]

(09-05-2016 10:50 PM)Latinopan Wrote:  

Is becoming very common to run some background check using social media on people you want to deal with, I know someone who has a family member law enforcement, he met this girl and asked the family member to run her in the record just for curiosity, credit card fraud, identity theft, DIU, several assault mostly in nightclubs.

Some private investigator specialize on that type of thing, lots of wealthy people have done this for long time, when they meet someone they use money to find out about that person, thy are always step ahead, now with social media is easy for the average joe.

Which is why the one of the newer feminist memes is that your past doesn't matter. A whore can decide to settle down and be a wife and mother and experience absolutely no side effects from her former life of whoring...in fact, she should be respected for her brave decisions. I'm thinking of the Bree Olsen thread.
thread-54698.html

[seniol]

(09-04-2016 12:34 PM)R_Niko Wrote:  

(05-13-2016 04:03 AM)Captainstabbin Wrote:  

(05-13-2016 02:01 AM)gonzoman925 Wrote:  

also this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRjz-07Bvaw

hahahahahahahaha

ah man, the hotter they are, the more they're okay with shit on their face

What is she saying?

maybe she's trying to say: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprophagia

I am 100% sure that officially, in public, the whores are saying
"yes , sure you can do a little diarheea rain on me, I don't mind,
because you pay very well"
but in private, of course the whores must eat/drink all that diarheea
and shit, I am sure the princes are not paying so much money without this,
as the whores must be dedicated and passionate until the end

[lazariuskriss]

(09-06-2016 05:59 AM)seniol Wrote:  

(09-04-2016 12:34 PM)R_Niko Wrote:  

(05-13-2016 04:03 AM)Captainstabbin Wrote:  

(05-13-2016 02:01 AM)gonzoman925 Wrote:  

also this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRjz-07Bvaw

hahahahahahahaha

ah man, the hotter they are, the more they're okay with shit on their face

What is she saying?

maybe she's trying to say: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprophagia

I am 100% sure that officially, in public, the whores are saying
"yes , sure you can do a little diarheea rain on me, I don't mind,
because you pay very well"
but in private, of course the whores must eat/drink all that diarheea
and shit, I am sure the princes are not paying so much money without this,
as the whores must be dedicated and passionate until the end

Just think of all the bizarre "sexual" fetishes are out there and you'll find out very fast that's there's a high probability that some of these girls have already done this. Just look of all these luxury items on instagram. Of course there could be some "real" businesswomen out there doing some business. But i don't think that all of these instawhores are businesswomen. Last night i saw one instagram whore with a bag which costs approximately 5K bucks and other accessories for over 6k?! Where does she get all the money to buy stuff for over 11K and pay rent and eat?! I'll let you figure out the rest...

Just to add to my last, some "models" (or whores, interchangeable) which participated in bizarre party with saudis, saw me later and two of them asked me if i needed some "entertainment" during my partis. If so they would be happy to entertain me and my guests. They surely thought that i was some rich guy into some of these fetishes. Of course i told them no and went on. But this girls were very beautiful girls, sometimes this makes me really sad about them and their life.

[lazariuskriss]

(09-05-2016 10:50 PM)Latinopan Wrote:  

(06-28-2016 11:36 AM)eatthishomie Wrote:  

It really blows my mind to say
Someone will marry these hoes one day
Heaven knows it won't be me
For that I thank you TRP
Thank you also to Roosh V
They ain't gonna run their shit on me.

Is becoming very common to run some background check using social media on people you want to deal with, I know someone who has a family member law enforcement, he met this girl and asked the family member to run her in the record just for curiosity, credit card fraud, identity theft, DIU, several assault mostly in nightclubs.

Some private investigator specialize on that type of thing, lots of wealthy people have done this for long time, when they meet someone they use money to find out about that person, thy are always step ahead, now with social media is easy for the average joe.

You can do the same with a twist to know if you want to know if you're dealing with an instawhore. Simple
1.Try to find out her real name
2. Check out if any business entities and/or organization is on her name
3.If yes, you could potentially dealing with a businesswomen who's simply speaking an exhibitionnist or a slut (sorry i meant "empowered" women as feminists say)
4. Maybe if she don't have any business or organization on here, maybe her parents are rich. So try to look to find out if her parents have money, businesses or organizations. If it's not the case and the instawhore has many luxury items on her instawhore page, guess what she's a potential whore Of course there are variants on this technique, but that's what is often used with some other technique to find a winner for a "party". All this can be done only with google in the confort of your home.
If you aren't familiarize to how to use google efficiently i would suggest you to read and learn to search information efficiently with Google. Read "Google Hacking for Penetration Testers" which is very useful, not only for this, but it can help you also in everyday life. It's easy to read.

[YossariansRight]

Back when I was an undergrad, I had an internship. The man that owned the company I interned at was a player and he was in his "stripper phase" then. Anyway, this one chick, pretty much a 10, he "saw" was:

-A stripper.
-A "legitimate" model. She was featured in an ad campaign by a very well known beer company. Her poster was in stores.
-And after my former boss had a PI investigate her, found out that she was an actual prostitute, part of a "house" that serviced old dykes. "Chew & screw"...literally.

He had her investigated when she was all over him to get married. Oh yeah, she had a young son too. The hooker thing got him to drop her. I remember her showing up at the business begging him to take her back, promising she'd "go straight".

All of the above happened way, way before the internet became what it is now and there was no Instagram, Craigslist, Backpage, etc. to shop at.

Women have been whoring themselves out since the beginning of time. And the lines between "legit" and "illegal" have always been blurry at best. In reality, they're nonexistent. It's just "out there" now.

[Noir]

(06-28-2016 06:13 AM)Noir Wrote:  

Whats up guys, been MIA for a while but got a funny story which is relevant to this thread.

Just a heads up, not mentioning names here, it's your usual super powerful, rich Arab. Nor am I mentioning location as it could come back to him or I could dilute business here. In two minds about posting this but here goes.

A mate of mine runs a visa agency.

So, they got a new client in the form of an opulent, mindblowingly wealthy Arab.

Little did they know what they were getting into.

This guy invites them to his 'home'. They roll up to a $15 million mansion, amazing views, Ferrari's, Lambo's, cars you ain't seen on the road before. Eyes start widening, the dream starts kicking in.

He is welcoming, laughs and non-chalantly throws out "if you think this is a nice house, you should see my chalet in Switzerland."

Guy's 'wife', 30 year old, Arab woman is present.

This guy needs to secure visas for 3 Ukrainian girls, around 25 years old. I saw their passports, all 9s (one of them was a split image of a young Denise Richards). The 'agency' is sending them over and he wants to pick one for marriage but he wants to make sure they are good in bed first.

Midway through the meeting, he receives a call from one of them.

- I want to book my flights but I need my visa
- Just book them.
- It's a lot of money, $4000..
- Why so much?
- Well you don't expect me to travel economy do you?
- No of course, go ahead, I will take care of it. Just don't look like a slut when you are collected, you are to go straight to the shops.

This whole time, his Arab wife is serving drinks, catering to everyone's needs, unphased by this interaction. Probably his local one, he has one all over the world.

He pauses and asks one of the women attending the meeting if she is single.

Offers her to come by later for some sex. Doesn't shed an eyelid.

She politely declines, citing morals and whatnot.

He comes over once every 3 months for such arrangements.

He invites the guy to a secret weekend party.

He tells him, bring a watch.

When you arrive, there will be a large vase for him to deposit his watch into.

The MO is that he flies out a stable of women.

They pick a watch from the vase and that is his 'partner' for the night.

Knowing him, he is probably shopping for a good fake.

Update:

All 3 took his money, the $5k deposited in their accounts for their first class flights and ran.

He is now blaming the visa agency even though it's your typical hoe problem.

Women, man.

[Captainstabbin]

(09-06-2016 01:55 PM)Noir Wrote:  

Update:

All 3 took his money, the $5k deposited in their accounts for their first class flights and ran.

He is now blaming the visa agency even though it's your typical hoe problem.

Women, man.

The agency needs an enforcer in the home countries.

My friend told me when I first moved to Vegas, "If an escort doesn't do what you want her to or negotiated for, threaten to tell the agency. She knows she either changes her attitude or she's facing a beating when she gets home." Fortunately, I never got in that situation.

[seniol]

(09-06-2016 07:55 AM)lazariuskriss Wrote:  

(09-06-2016 05:59 AM)seniol Wrote:  

(09-04-2016 12:34 PM)R_Niko Wrote:  

(05-13-2016 04:03 AM)Captainstabbin Wrote:  

(05-13-2016 02:01 AM)gonzoman925 Wrote:  

also this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRjz-07Bvaw

hahahahahahahaha

ah man, the hotter they are, the more they're okay with shit on their face

What is she saying?

she's trying to say: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprophagia

I am 100% sure that officially, in public, the whores are saying
"yes , sure you can do a little diarheea rain on me, I don't mind,
because you pay very well"
but in private, of course the whores must eat/drink all that diarheea
and shit, I am sure the princes are not paying so much money without this,
as the whores must be dedicated and passionate until the end

Just think of all the bizarre "sexual" fetishes are out there and you'll find out very fast that's there's a high probability that some of these girls have already done this. Just look of all these luxury items on instagram.

Last night i saw one instagram whore with a bag which costs approximately 5K bucks and other accessories for over 6k?! Where does she get all the money to buy stuff for over 11K and pay rent and eat?! I'll let you figure out the rest...

But this girls were very beautiful girls, sometimes this makes me really sad about them and their life.

The more beautiful the girls are, the more likely they are bored to death with just regular sex, oral sex or anal sex

[Simeon_Strangelight]

(09-06-2016 01:55 PM)Noir Wrote:  

Update:

All 3 took his money, the $5k deposited in their accounts for their first class flights and ran.

He is now blaming the visa agency even though it's your typical hoe problem.

Women, man.

You have to see it from their viewpoint:

An 8- 9 in the Ukraine can still get a local high value man. If the rich man had more going for him except being a filthy rich Arab, then she might have come. A moderately good-looking white American might be able to pull all 3 of them to the US.

Still - they rather took the 4000-5000$ for doing a few texts than flying all across the pond and having to fuck a disgusting man with the added danger of him being a Muslim. Don't think for a second that Eastern European/ FSU girls are as brainwashed as Western or German women about Islam. My secular friend from Afghanistan always told them that he is Argentinian and a few believed it. (He himself is high-IQ and a good guy, but on the other hand he knows his countrymen from the worst side, so he does not complain.)
___________________________

Quote:

Posted by YossariansRight - Yesterday 09:59 AM
Back when I was an undergrad, I had an internship. The man that owned the company I interned at was a player and he was in his "stripper phase" then. Anyway, this one chick, pretty much a 10, he "saw" was:

-A stripper.
-A "legitimate" model. She was featured in an ad campaign by a very well known beer company. Her poster was in stores.
-And after my former boss had a PI investigate her, found out that she was an actual prostitute, part of a "house" that serviced old dykes. "Chew & screw"...literally.

He had her investigated when she was all over him to get married. Oh yeah, she had a young son too. The hooker thing got him to drop her. I remember her showing up at the business begging him to take her back, promising she'd "go straight".

All of the above happened way, way before the internet became what it is now and there was no Instagram, Craigslist, Backpage, etc. to shop at.

Women have been whoring themselves out since the beginning of time. And the lines between "legit" and "illegal" have always been blurry at best. In reality, they're nonexistent. It's just "out there" now.

That story is amazing in all Red Pill views. Attractive women with loose morals can easily start using their looks for cash and prizes. What they miss however is that once they start down that path, then they become unable to have a LTR with a high-value man. Even if they attempt to do so, then they will either cheat on him, use him transactionally and ultimately ruin any chances of ever winning the hypergamy lottery.

Then as they age, they become less attractive, cannot attract Alphas anymore and have either to settle with a disgusting Beta or even worse end up alone and single.

The Game of hypergamy chairs is a tough one. I remember encountering that phenomenon a long time ago. When I was a kid we had one neighbor who visited us. She was 40-42, but had all grey hair. She had been very pretty once - maybe a solid 8. My parents asked her why she was single and she said that many guys wanted to marry her, but all the folk and family told her that she can do better. That continued with each man after no one worthy asked her anymore.

women.....

[TravelerKai]

(09-07-2016 04:47 AM)Zelcorpion Wrote:  

(09-06-2016 01:55 PM)Noir Wrote:  

Update:

All 3 took his money, the $5k deposited in their accounts for their first class flights and ran.

He is now blaming the visa agency even though it's your typical hoe problem.

Women, man.

You have to see it from their viewpoint:

An 8- 9 in the Ukraine can still get a local high value man. If the rich man had more going for him except being a filthy rich Arab, then she might have come. A moderately good-looking white American might be able to pull all 3 of them to the US.

Still - they rather took the 4000-5000$ for doing a few texts than flying all across the pond and having to fuck a disgusting man with the added danger of him being a Muslim. Don't think for a second that Eastern European/ FSU girls are as brainwashed as Western or German women about Islam. My secular friend from Afghanistan always told them that he is Argentinian and a few believed it. (He himself is high-IQ and a good guy, but on the other hand he knows his countrymen from the worst side, so he does not complain.)
___________________________

You cannot trick women known for scamming. That Arab could have gotten tricked with a Filipina if he messaged the right ones. Any places with lots of scammers is ripe for getting played like that in general. Women in that country will trick even a white dude from the US for much less money than 5K.

He would have better luck paying the local police to hit them in the head and pack them up in a suitcase than paying them outright.

[hv123]

the site seems to be down.

[YossariansRight]

(09-07-2016 04:47 AM)Zelcorpion Wrote:  

(09-06-2016 01:55 PM)Noir Wrote:  

Update:

All 3 took his money, the $5k deposited in their accounts for their first class flights and ran.

He is now blaming the visa agency even though it's your typical hoe problem.

Women, man.

You have to see it from their viewpoint:

An 8- 9 in the Ukraine can still get a local high value man. If the rich man had more going for him except being a filthy rich Arab, then she might have come. A moderately good-looking white American might be able to pull all 3 of them to the US.

Still - they rather took the 4000-5000$ for doing a few texts than flying all across the pond and having to fuck a disgusting man with the added danger of him being a Muslim. Don't think for a second that Eastern European/ FSU girls are as brainwashed as Western or German women about Islam. My secular friend from Afghanistan always told them that he is Argentinian and a few believed it. (He himself is high-IQ and a good guy, but on the other hand he knows his countrymen from the worst side, so he does not complain.)
___________________________

Quote:

Posted by YossariansRight - Yesterday 09:59 AM
Back when I was an undergrad, I had an internship. The man that owned the company I interned at was a player and he was in his "stripper phase" then. Anyway, this one chick, pretty much a 10, he "saw" was:

-A stripper.
-A "legitimate" model. She was featured in an ad campaign by a very well known beer company. Her poster was in stores.
-And after my former boss had a PI investigate her, found out that she was an actual prostitute, part of a "house" that serviced old dykes. "Chew & screw"...literally.

He had her investigated when she was all over him to get married. Oh yeah, she had a young son too. The hooker thing got him to drop her. I remember her showing up at the business begging him to take her back, promising she'd "go straight".

All of the above happened way, way before the internet became what it is now and there was no Instagram, Craigslist, Backpage, etc. to shop at.

Women have been whoring themselves out since the beginning of time. And the lines between "legit" and "illegal" have always been blurry at best. In reality, they're nonexistent. It's just "out there" now.

That story is amazing in all Red Pill views. Attractive women with loose morals can easily start using their looks for cash and prizes. What they miss however is that once they start down that path, then they become unable to have a LTR with a high-value man. Even if they attempt to do so, then they will either cheat on him, use him transactionally and ultimately ruin any chances of ever winning the hypergamy lottery.

Then as they age, they become less attractive, cannot attract Alphas anymore and have either to settle with a disgusting Beta or even worse end up alone and single.

The Game of hypergamy chairs is a tough one. I remember encountering that phenomenon a long time ago. When I was a kid we had one neighbor who visited us. She was 40-42, but had all grey hair. She had been very pretty once - maybe a solid 8. My parents asked her why she was single and she said that many guys wanted to marry her, but all the folk and family told her that she can do better. That continued with each man after no one worthy asked her anymore.

women.....

Yes, it was an eye opener. But it was educational as Hell to watch play out.

The last time I saw her was ~3 years after the above at a strip joint; she was the "mama san" of the place and wasn't on the stage anymore. Predictably, her looks had started to fade rapidly. She was still good looking, but that lifestyle rots you out.

[Noir]

(09-07-2016 04:47 AM)Zelcorpion Wrote:  

(09-06-2016 01:55 PM)Noir Wrote:  

Update:

All 3 took his money, the $5k deposited in their accounts for their first class flights and ran.

He is now blaming the visa agency even though it's your typical hoe problem.

Women, man.

You have to see it from their viewpoint:

An 8- 9 in the Ukraine can still get a local high value man. If the rich man had more going for him except being a filthy rich Arab, then she might have come. A moderately good-looking white American might be able to pull all 3 of them to the US.

Still - they rather took the 4000-5000$ for doing a few texts than flying all across the pond and having to fuck a disgusting man with the added danger of him being a Muslim. Don't think for a second that Eastern European/ FSU girls are as brainwashed as Western or German women about Islam. My secular friend from Afghanistan always told them that he is Argentinian and a few believed it. (He himself is high-IQ and a good guy, but on the other hand he knows his countrymen from the worst side, so he does not complain.)

Not only do I understand it but I anticipate it from such women who are self-aware of their hotness.

I mean, this is what social media does and the information age just increases their self-awareness.

There are countless rings working to con men in this way, it's the more effective version of the Nigerian prince really, preying on people who can afford to lose such money.

Higher success rate.

See mate, I don't think it has much to do with them being Muslim as much as it has to do with a cost-benefit and effort ratio. The latter being of higher importance than the former.

Much easier to flip 3-4 guys with some pictures and false promises than getting on a flight and physically investing and actually giving it up. I don't know if these dudes have an internal blacklist either.

Regarding the visa agency having an enforcer, it's not really their responsibility.
The admin and money it would cost, doesn't make it worthwhile. Furthermore, I am under the impression that EE is not a place where they want to send out a message nor can they without any form of retaliation.

They would make more profitable alliances here with certain 'investment companies'/event organizers that have already brought women here and can get their paperwork sorted from here instead of dealing across borders and timezones for women who are not invested in coming over. Once they are here, they are serious enough to warrant the paperwork.

The women overseas, usually EE, likely would be protected by local mobsters (who could even be ex boyfriends) and are part of a bigger image that hasn't really been touched upon in this thread. The protection racket and the whoredom market. Hence, you build your 'network' domestically, lawyer up and cover all bases re: visas.

That way you avoid the baiting/phishing for hit and run scenarios.

Regarding the other side of it, two individuals very close to me, work on the superyachts and tell me stories about the women who actually follow through and show up.

Miss Ecuador (from a few years ago) partaking in an orgy along with a whole bunch of Latina 9s.

Drug frenzied parties with private DJs and celebrities (the really short guy from Austin Powers; not saying he was involved but he attended amongst others).

Certain 'jews' who charter out their yachts for weekly trips.

The state of mind of the people is fucking questionable as one of them got offered $10k to jump in the water at 2am to get an iPhone that was thrown into the water because of some videos on it. He just laughed it off.

Ft. Lauderdale is where you will find a lot of the yachts based and they go on these trips throughout the Caribbean and to the Hamptons. Mainly Latinas and American girls.

Of course, it's seasonal but their season extends past summer.

Then in Europe where you have the French Riviera all the way down to Capri and Sardinia etc. where you have your Euro turbo-sluts (mainly UK) and your typical EE whores. Funny enough, the Italians usually stick with Italians.

Arabs and Russians run the game here though. A certain Russian billionaire (Arsenal relation, you can figure out who) who has a room for his wife and then another room where he fucks his hoes. Katara which is run by a certain Arab family that has some parties of debauchery that we cannot even imagine.


Another hotspot that goes unmentioned is Ibiza during May - September. A lot of girls double as dancers for private parties and of course, superclubs. Some get signed to record labels and become mainstays travelling with entourages around the world. A lot of superyachts stop off there. You see a lot of these hoes appearing in Boiler Room videos too. A lot of focus is on the drugs/party whores but the high end ones are also here. There is just a curtain blocking it off.

The heir of a high end Italian fashion label (will not state who here publically) had an altercation with some of my friends of whom they lied to him and made themselves super important (politically). The altercation was about a VIP table in Pacha. He invited them to his mansion for cocaine and whores and it was no big deal. This was back in 2011.

It's a worldwide phenomenon.

I've seen it in London, Milan, Shanghai, Dubai, Cape Town to differing extents.

I traveled business with Emirates recently and as usual, the quality of the air hostesses upstairs in the A380 is head and shoulders above the rest.

I wonder why

My point is, depending on the environment, some chicks are being enforced to do this shit and involved with the wrong people (you can guess which ones and where).

Others, are naive and go to places like Dubai hustling to make ends meet and get jaded with the money.

Then you got your independent business minded hoes who are straight up going on instagram and cutting out the middle man (or madames rather).

10 years ago you would have stables of them in London and New York, commanding shitloads of money. Nowadays, they use the internet and have their own means of being found.

The ones still in stables are the ones who have crossed paths with the wrong people or have protection for a reason or have a reputation (ex-beauty pageants) and use their branding in that sense. They also get legal protection in certain cases, especially vs. rich lawyered up guys.

It's the talent agency of pussy and hotness.

I am letting out a bit more here but a lot of this info is readily available if you look around or take a trip to Monaco/the Hamptons/Nassau.

Then again, these are just my observations based off part-experience, part-discussions with people close to me who have been involved in this 'industry'.

I also used to hook up with a girl who went on to do this shit and travel the world.

It's fascinating to see this shit. It's only human nature. Apologies for the ramble. Had some free time.

[Belgrano]

(09-08-2016 07:51 AM)Noir Wrote:  

Apologies for the ramble. Had some free time.

[HonantheBarbarian]

Yea man, seriously. Keep it coming, I haven't read anything this riveting in a while.

[Il Bersagliere]

The Tag The Sponsor website is back online!

Just imagine what it is like to be 13 again. Some guys just have all the luck.

[kaotic]

Hahah jesus christ, why do these dumb cunts do shit like this ?

You literally recorded you intending to commit a crime in exchange for money.

[Phoenix]

^ Funniest part is her saying "fuck me annal"

[YossariansRight]

(09-13-2016 01:01 PM)kaotic Wrote:  

Hahah jesus christ, why do these dumb cunts do shit like this ?

You literally recorded you intending to commit a crime in exchange for money.

Crimes? Wouldn't fucking a 13 year old also be considered a crime?

[spokepoker]

Not in Dubai, obviously.

[kaotic]

(09-14-2016 01:49 PM)YossariansRight Wrote:  

(09-13-2016 01:01 PM)kaotic Wrote:  

Hahah jesus christ, why do these dumb cunts do shit like this ?

You literally recorded you intending to commit a crime in exchange for money.

Crimes? Wouldn't fucking a 13 year old also be considered a crime?

Yes that's exactly what I'm talking about, not the prostitution, that was a given.

[Sooth]

(09-13-2016 01:01 PM)kaotic Wrote:  

Hahah jesus christ, why do these dumb cunts do shit like this ?

Because they can get away with it.

If it's looking like they may not get away with it, they just open their legs wider, fuck the problems away and then our current culture would call her a victim.

It truly warms the cockles of my heart knowing society will mock these whores under the coming Trump Dynasty.

[Horus]

(09-14-2016 01:49 PM)YossariansRight Wrote:  

(09-13-2016 01:01 PM)kaotic Wrote:  

Hahah jesus christ, why do these dumb cunts do shit like this ?

You literally recorded you intending to commit a crime in exchange for money.

Crimes? Wouldn't fucking a 13 year old also be considered a crime?

There is no age of consent in UAE since all sex outside of marriage is illegal. The minimum age for marriage is 18, although it is possible for a judge to allow people younger than 18 to get married.

[hv123]

(09-13-2016 12:47 PM)Il Bersagliere Wrote:  

The Tag The Sponsor website is back online!

Just imagine what it is like to be 13 again. Some guys just have all the luck.

Really though? Fucking hell she's scary. She looks like she's been embalmed.

[Simeon_Strangelight]

(09-13-2016 01:01 PM)kaotic Wrote:  

Hahah jesus christ, why do these dumb cunts do shit like this ?

You literally recorded you intending to commit a crime in exchange for money.

It's not a crime in Dubai and she would never get prosecuted for this in many many countries in the world. Even in Europe they would at best send her a tax-collector, but not the cops.

Amazing vid.

25000$ she gets in advance? Sure - she likes that kind of deal. Most girls probably would not come after getting the payment beforehand.