Yeah. This thread shouldn't be about Israel. JR's post is exactly right. But perhaps I have some insights on it worth sharing.
I've been to both Israel and Palestine. Personally, something about Israel feels impermanent to me. I think Jews, Muslims and Christians will always live there (they all still live there now) but the place won't exist as a "Jewish state" under sole Jewish control forever. That region and its people are just too dynamic and have changed continuously throughout history.
Zionism is a relatively recent historical experiment that began in the late 19th century (it didn't exist for centuries) and had come close to failing many times throughout Israel's history as a nation, and even before then. There was even
a plan at one point to create Israel in modern day Uganda. So this notion that the Middle East in particular is the rightful homeland for the Jewish people is just nationalist propaganda. In fact, the central thesis of Zionism is currently being undermined by the fact that Jews are far safer in Europe and America today than they are in Israel. All of the stats prove this. Many Israelis are even moving to Germany of all places in droves, Berlin in particular. Think about that.
Israelis will be the first to tell you how close the country was to the brink of collapse, particularly in its first few decades as a nation when it experienced a relentless series of wars with its neighbors. Only careless and completely avoidable tactical blunders committed by its enemies, and Israel's quickness in responding to take advantage, spared the nation its existence.
Also, American backing didn't evolve until relatively later in the country's history. America didn't support Israel with money or weapons during its first several wars with the Arabs. Neither did most European countries. There was one early war in particular where European countries refused to allow Israeli planes to use its airports for refueling. It wasn't until the Soviet Union became more involved in the region that the US and Israel relationship began to develop in earnest. The Soviets had close relations with many of Israel's enemy (Arab) states, so, naturally, the Americans supported Israel. There are some good books that talk about this.
Who would have ever thought that during the time of the Romans that Rome's grip on the Levant would ever be relinquished? That was simply inconceivable as Rome was the greatest civilization the world had ever known at that time. Yet it still crumbled...
The concept of nation states as we understand them today is fairly recent in world history. I don't think it's a concept that will continue to exist as we understand it forever. The nations of the modern Middle East are the result of a series of gentlemen's agreements between France and Britain around the turn of the previous century. There was no regard for the fragility of the diverse ethnic and religious groups that made up the societies in those newly created countries. People who never had power, suddenly had power over populations many times larger, all for th benefit of the colonial masters. The legacy of these decisions still play out, and will ultimately prove - and are proving - untenable.
Demographics and geopolitics will change rapidly in the coming years and compromises will be made.
In fact, the two sides are not far apart at all in terms of specifics for negotiating a deal. Solutions for the most contentious issues have more or less been carved out. It's now a matter of political will to get a deal through. It may not happen with the current generation of leaders as they are relics of an era rife with wounds and revenge, but there's also many forces on both sides that are taking into consideration the changing dynamics that I referred to, which complicates reaching an agreement.
Also, many Israelis are simply fatigued from living in a military state and want a first world lifestyle of the kind in Europe and the US. There's a fairly considerable brain drain that sees some of Israel's best and brightest leave every year for a better life in Europe and the US.
To their credit, they've done a lot of good to the land, which all of the empires before it neglected. Israel was initially a dry and dusty desert, but is now a world leader in irrigation, technology and farming, etc. The infrastructure is quite good by regional standards.
The truth is this is not a "conflict that has existed for centuries." The idea of Palestinian nationalism, like Zionism, is very recent historically, originating in the late 19th century towards the final stages of Ottoman (Turkish) rule. That's when Arab nationalism as a whole really began. Arabs have also been a nomadic people for most of their history. Relatively very few modern day Palestinians have roots in the lands of present-day Israel for more than a few generations.
All of the Arab countries in the region have their own unique interests with many adversarial positions against each other and the Palestinians. Hell, even within individual Arab countries you have a lot of conflict that will again reshape the borders in the coming years. Expect entirely new nation states as well.
I think this Caspian Report on the issue is generally accurate if you want a succinct overview of the "conflict." You'll see it's really a story about Arab disunity that stems from colonial history and Israel taking advantage of it.